Australian Cattle Dog

The Australian Cattle Dog, or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain. This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms. It has either red or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a "red" or "blue" dog. As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak. It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging. It was originally bred to herd by biting, and is known to nip running children. It forms a strong attachment to its owners, and can be protective of them and their possessions. It is easy to groom and maintain, requiring little more than brushing during the shedding period. The most common health problems are deafness and progressive blindness (both hereditary conditions) and accidental injury. This particular breed originated from nineteenth century crosses between British herding dogs and the native dingo, producing a compact, muscular animal with a broad skull and short muzzle (selective breeding), built for intense drive and control of cattle, which later, in the early twentieth century, branched out a more refined strain. These early working dogs were bred solely for function and require high levels of activity and mental stimulation, making them unsuitable for sedentary home life. A new strain emerged in the early twentieth century through the introduction of Dalmatian and Kelpie bloodlines, creating a steadier temperament and a type better suited to be both worker and companion. From this period the breed became known as the Australian Cattle Dog as it was exported worldwide due to its popularity as a working dog. Both strains, working dog and companion, continue to be bred today. The breed is also employed successfully as a guide and assistance dog for people with disabilities, though it still requires substantial physical and mental stimulation to maintain a healthy balance. The Australian Cattle Dog has been nicknamed a "Red Heeler" or "Blue Heeler" on the basis of its colouring and practice of moving reluctant cattle by nipping at their heels. The nickname "Queensland Heeler" may have originated in a popular booklet, published in Victoria.